● Our body has `color{violet}"one pair"` of adrenal glands, one at the `color{violet}"anterior part"` `color{violet}"of each kidney"`.
● The gland is composed of `color{violet}"two types of tissues"`.
● The `color{violet}"centrally located"` tissue is called the `color{brown}"adrenal medulla"`, and outside this lies the `color{brown}"adrenal cortex"`.
● The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones called `color{brown}"adrenaline or epinephrine"` and `color{brown}"noradrenaline or norepinephrine"`.
● These are commonly called as `color{violet}"catecholamines"`.
● Adrenaline and noradrenaline are `color{violet}"rapidly secreted"` in response to `color{violet}"stress"` of any kind and during `color{violet}"emergency situations"` and are called `color{violet}"emergency hormones"` or `color{Brown"hormones of Fight or Flight"`.
● These hormones increase `color{violet}"alertness"`, `color{violet}"pupilary dilation"`, `color{violet}"piloerection"` (raising of hairs), `color{violet}"sweating"` etc. Both the hormones increase the `color{violet}"heart beat"`, the strength of `color{violet}"heart contraction"` and the `color{violet}"rate of respiration"`.
● Catecholamines also stimulate the `color{violet}"breakdown of glycogen"` resulting in an increased concentration of `color{violet}"glucose in blood"`.
● In addition, they also stimulate the `color{violet}"breakdown"` of `color{violet}"lipids and proteins"`.
● The `color{violet}"adrenal cortex"` can be divided into three layers, called `color{brown}"zona reticularis"` (inner layer), `color{brown}"zona fasciculata"` (middle layer) and `color{brown}"zona glomerulosa"` (outer layer).
● The adrenal cortex secretes many `color{violet}"hormones"`, commonly called as `color{brown}"corticoids"`.
● The corticoids, which are involved in `color{violet}"carbohydrate metabolism"` are called `color{brown}"glucocorticoids"`.
● In our body, `color{violet}"cortisol"` is the `color{violet}"main glucocorticoid"`.
● Corticoids, which regulate the `color{violet}"balance of water"` `color{violet}"and electrolytes"` in our body are called `color{brown}"mineralocorticoids"`.
● `color{violet}"Aldosterone"` is the `color{violet}"main mineralocorticoid"` in our body.
● Glucocorticoids stimulate, `color{violet}"gluconeogenesis, lipolysis"` and `color{violet}"proteolysis"`; and inhibit cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids.
● Cortisol is also involved in maintaining the `color{violet}"cardio-vascular system"` as well as the `color{violet}"kidney functions"`.
● `color{violet}"Glucocorticoids"`, particularly cortisol, produces `color{violet}"anti inflamatory reactions"` and `color{violet}"suppresses the immune response"`.
● Cortisol stimulates the `color{violet}"RBC production"`.
● `color{brown}"Aldosterone"` acts mainly at the `color{violet}"renal tubules"` and stimulates the `color{violet}"reabsorption"` of `Na^+` and water and `color{violet}"excretion"` of `K^+` and phosphate ions.
● Thus, aldosterone helps in the `color{violet}"maintenance of electrolytes"`, `color{violet}"body fluid volume"`, `color{violet}"osmotic pressure"` and `color{violet}"blood pressure"`.
● Small amounts of `color{violet}"androgenic steroids"` are also secreted by the `color{violet}"adrenal cortex"` which play a role in the growth of `color{violet}"axial hair"`, `color{violet}"pubic hair"` and `color{violet}"facial hair"` during puberty.
● Our body has `color{violet}"one pair"` of adrenal glands, one at the `color{violet}"anterior part"` `color{violet}"of each kidney"`.
● The gland is composed of `color{violet}"two types of tissues"`.
● The `color{violet}"centrally located"` tissue is called the `color{brown}"adrenal medulla"`, and outside this lies the `color{brown}"adrenal cortex"`.
● The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones called `color{brown}"adrenaline or epinephrine"` and `color{brown}"noradrenaline or norepinephrine"`.
● These are commonly called as `color{violet}"catecholamines"`.
● Adrenaline and noradrenaline are `color{violet}"rapidly secreted"` in response to `color{violet}"stress"` of any kind and during `color{violet}"emergency situations"` and are called `color{violet}"emergency hormones"` or `color{Brown"hormones of Fight or Flight"`.
● These hormones increase `color{violet}"alertness"`, `color{violet}"pupilary dilation"`, `color{violet}"piloerection"` (raising of hairs), `color{violet}"sweating"` etc. Both the hormones increase the `color{violet}"heart beat"`, the strength of `color{violet}"heart contraction"` and the `color{violet}"rate of respiration"`.
● Catecholamines also stimulate the `color{violet}"breakdown of glycogen"` resulting in an increased concentration of `color{violet}"glucose in blood"`.
● In addition, they also stimulate the `color{violet}"breakdown"` of `color{violet}"lipids and proteins"`.
● The `color{violet}"adrenal cortex"` can be divided into three layers, called `color{brown}"zona reticularis"` (inner layer), `color{brown}"zona fasciculata"` (middle layer) and `color{brown}"zona glomerulosa"` (outer layer).
● The adrenal cortex secretes many `color{violet}"hormones"`, commonly called as `color{brown}"corticoids"`.
● The corticoids, which are involved in `color{violet}"carbohydrate metabolism"` are called `color{brown}"glucocorticoids"`.
● In our body, `color{violet}"cortisol"` is the `color{violet}"main glucocorticoid"`.
● Corticoids, which regulate the `color{violet}"balance of water"` `color{violet}"and electrolytes"` in our body are called `color{brown}"mineralocorticoids"`.
● `color{violet}"Aldosterone"` is the `color{violet}"main mineralocorticoid"` in our body.
● Glucocorticoids stimulate, `color{violet}"gluconeogenesis, lipolysis"` and `color{violet}"proteolysis"`; and inhibit cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids.
● Cortisol is also involved in maintaining the `color{violet}"cardio-vascular system"` as well as the `color{violet}"kidney functions"`.
● `color{violet}"Glucocorticoids"`, particularly cortisol, produces `color{violet}"anti inflamatory reactions"` and `color{violet}"suppresses the immune response"`.
● Cortisol stimulates the `color{violet}"RBC production"`.
● `color{brown}"Aldosterone"` acts mainly at the `color{violet}"renal tubules"` and stimulates the `color{violet}"reabsorption"` of `Na^+` and water and `color{violet}"excretion"` of `K^+` and phosphate ions.
● Thus, aldosterone helps in the `color{violet}"maintenance of electrolytes"`, `color{violet}"body fluid volume"`, `color{violet}"osmotic pressure"` and `color{violet}"blood pressure"`.
● Small amounts of `color{violet}"androgenic steroids"` are also secreted by the `color{violet}"adrenal cortex"` which play a role in the growth of `color{violet}"axial hair"`, `color{violet}"pubic hair"` and `color{violet}"facial hair"` during puberty.
